Linear and Non-Linear Knowledge Production: Innovative Challenges for the Higher Education System

In our short article we reflect on the “Mode 3” University. “Mode 1” production of knowledge, traditionally, refers to a basic research with no particular interests in application. “Mode 2” focuses on a knowledge production for applied problem- solving. Mode 3, by contrast, frames and re-frames basic research in the context of application. Mode 3 Universities explore opportunities, how Mode 1 and Mode 2 could be cross-linked and promoted in flexible and creative arrangements. The interplay of Mode 1 and Mode 2 encourages innovation and allows for a continuous flow of networks of non-linear innovation. Universities of Applied Sciences (Fachhochschulen), we can re-invent as Mode 3 Universities.

30.03.2012 | David F. J. Campbell (Wien) & Elias G. Carayannis (Washington)